Liquid Volume Equivalents

Volumetric unit Cubic Centimetre Litre Cubic Meter Imperial Gallon
Cubic Centimetre   0.001 0.000001 0.0002
Litre 0.001   0.001 0.22
Cubic Meter 4546000 1000   220
Imperial Gallon 4546 4.546 4546  

Liquid Pressure Equivalents

Liquid Pressure Lb/In2 (psi) Ft Water Kg/Cm2 Atmosphere Bar kPa Kilopascal
Lb/In2 (psi)   2.31 0.07 0.068 0.069 6.895
Ft Water 0.433   0.03 0.029 0.03 2.99
Kg/Cm2 14.2 32.8   0.968 0.981 98
Atmosphere 14.7 33.9 1.03   1.01 101
Bar 14.5 33.5 1.02 0.987   100
Inch Mercury 0.491 1..13 0.035 0.033 0.034 3.4
kPa Kilopascal 0.145 0.335 0.01 0.009 0.01  

Frictional Loss Table

Pipe Size with nominal bore of: Internal Diameter (mm) Gate Valve Fully Open Ball Valve Fully Open 450 Elbow Standard Tee Standard Reducing Tee / Elbow reduced by 50% Standard Tee with side outlet
1/8" 6.8

0.05

 2.4 0.11 0.12 0.23 0.43

1/4"

 9.2 0.06 3.4 0.15 0.2 0.34 0.67
3/8" 12.5 0.08 4.4 0.19 0.26 0.42 0.8
1/2" 15.8 0.11 5.7 0.24 0.34 0.52 1
3/4" 21 0.13 7 0.3 0.43 0.64 1.3
1" 27 0.17 9 0.37 0.55 0.79 1.6
1 1/4" 35 0.23 11.8 0.49 0.7 1.1 2.1
1 1/2" 41 0.26 13.8 0.58 0.82 1.2 2.5
2" 53 0.34 17.7 0.73 1.1 1.6 3.2
2 1/2" 63 0.4 21 0.88 1.3 1.9 3.8
3" 78 0.49 26 1.1 1.6 2.3 4.7
4" 102 0.64 34 1.4 2.1 3.1 6.2
5" 128 0.82 43 1.8 2.6 3.9 7.7
6" 154 0.98 52 2.2 3.1 4.7 9.4

pressure Loss Table

Flow Rate Pressure Drop in Bar for varying pipe sizes (Across 10m length)
L/min 3/8" 1/2" 3/4" 1" 1 1/4" 1 1/2" 2" 2 1/2" 3" 3 1/2" 4"
20 0.92 0.28 0.07 0.02              
25 1.2 0.45 0.11 0.03              
30 2.1 0.62 0.15 0.04 0.01            
40   1.1 0.25 0.08 0.02            
60     0.54 0.16 0.04 0.02 0.01        
80     0.93 0.28 0.07 0.03 0.01        
100       0.43 0.12 0.05 0.01        
115       0.58 0.14 0.06 0.02        
130       0.72 0.18 0.08 0.02 0.01      
150         0.23 0.1 0.03 0.01      
170         0.29 0.13 0.04 0.02      
190         0.36 0.16 0.05 0.02      
230         0.5 0.23 0.07 0.03 0.01    
260           0.32 0.09 0.04 0.01    
300           0.38 0.11 0.04 0.02 0.01  
240           0.5 0.14 0.06 0.02 0.01  
280           0.61 0.18 0.07 0.03 0.01  
470             0.28 0.11 0.04 0.02 0.01